Describe one new mechanism of evolution that scientists learned after darwin's book was published.

The Darwin's theory brought into light the founder effects in which a small population from the major set of population started a new colony which brought in evolutionary changes in the species.

Genetic drift/Sewall Wright effect.

Explanation:

Genetic drift causes the change in gene frequency by chance in a small population. In a small population, the individual alleles of a gene are represented by a few individuals in a population. These alleles will be lost if these individuals fail to reproduce. Allele frequencies appear to change randomly as if the frequencies were drifting, thus, a random loss of alleles in small population is genetic drift. A series of small populations that are isolated from one another may come to differ strongly as a result of genetic drift.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.