What are some ways that the genetic information in dna can be changed or damaged?

DNA damage systematically causes mutations in the genome and changes genetic information.

The pathways of DNA damage are divided into

Exogenous: due to physical factors (such as UV rays and X and gamma ionizing rays) and chemical factors (desaminants, alkylating agents, oxidizing agents, adducts, nucleotide analogues ...).

Endogenous: they are physiological factors (oxidation desamination, depurination ...).

The consequences of these lesions are:

* Nucleotide substitution (one or more nucleotides)

* Insertion and deletion of nucleotides (one or more nucleotides): addition or deletion of nucleotides within the genome.

"menstrual cycle is a complex cycle that consists of several processes. order of occurrence of steps in menstrual cycle are as follows:

1. high progesterone levels maintain the endometrium lining of the uterus.

2. endometrium lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release fsh and lh.

3. fsh and lh stimulates the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.

4. rising estrogen levels suppress fsh production and development of other follicles.

5. a spike in lh causes follicle to rupture.

6. a breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone level to drop."

correct answer: understand the different control methods available

integrated pest management is an strategy that is based on the ecosystem and try to prevent the pest and the damage caused by them by applying combination of technique like habitat manipulation, biological control and use of resistant varieties.

the main aim of the integrated pest management is not to completely eliminate the pest but to strengthen the ecosystem so that conditions are favorable for plants and unfavorable for pests.