Most animal cells membranes have proteins that pump ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

Joe is breeding cockroaches in his dorm room. he finds that the average wing length in his population of cockroaches is 4 cm. he chooses the six cockroaches that have the largest wings; the average wing length among these selected cockroaches is 10 cm. joe interbreeds these selected cockroaches. from earlier studies, he knows that the narrow-sense heritability for wing length in his population of cockroaches is 0.6. a. calculate the selection differential and expected response to selection for wing length in these cockroaches. b. what should be the average wing length of the progeny of the selected cockroaches?

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

How water is moving through the ecosystem ?