Based on their location in the atmosphere the layers are able to have there own special characteristics. for example, most weather occurs in the troposphere. what occurs in each of the other layers?

A blanket of air that surrounds Earth is called atmosphere. Based on the change in temperature, atmosphere is divided into different layers. These layers are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. Each atmospheric layer has its own specific feature.

Troposphere: It is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.  It is the layer in which living organisms live. The temperature decreases as altitude increases.Stratosphere: It is the layer above the troposphere. Ozone layer is present in this layer. Commercial jets are flown in this layer. The temperature increases with increase in altitude.Mesosphere: it is the layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and is the coldest layer. The temperature in this layer is decreases with the increase in altitude increases. Rockets fly, meteors are seen this layer.Thermosphere the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. In this layer the temperature is very high.  

You should type -hope this ! : )