Albinism, a genetic disorder in which pigment is absent from the skin, is transmitted by a allele.

Albinism is cause by the expression of a recessive allele.  In order for an animal to be albino, it must possess two copies of the recessive allele for albinism.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.