Apatient has a condition where the exit of urine from the kidney is blocked, resulting in backup of urine and distension of the renal pelvis. the medical name for this condition is

The condition is called hydronephrosis.

Hydronephrosis is a medical condition characterized by swelling of the kidneys (or one kidney). This happens when urine can't drain from a kidney and retains there as a consequence. The hydronephrosis occurs due to the blockage of ureters or due to reverse flow of urine already in the bladder (reflux). Symptoms include pain in the back, pain during the urination, frequented urination…

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.