Correctly identify each of these definitions or examples as either depolarization or hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane.

Depolarisation

A membrane depolarization is a decrease in the potential difference between the outside of a cell and the intracellular medium, on either side of the plasma membrane, most often due to a positive ion input (Na +, Ca ++, etc.) inside the cell or sometimes due to the release of chloride ions, and involved in the mechanisms of transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction.

Hyperpolarization:

The depolarization is followed by a repolarization, thanks to the output of an equivalent quantity of ions k + which causes the return to the state of equilibrium. Then there is a hyperpolarization due to the output of more k + ions than Na + ions, because the potassium channels are slow to close. Finally there is a return to the resting potential.

Hyperpolarization is a term opposite to that of depolarization, it refers to values lower than that observed during the resting potential.

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.

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