How do enzymes lower activation energy? a. by linking to the substrate and causing a chemical reaction b. by linking to the substrate permanently, creating a very large molecule c. by changing the temperature and ph of the substrate's environment d. by undergoing a chemical change and reacting with the substrate

D, by undergoing a chemical change and reacting with the substrate .

the relative standard reduction potential of the half-cell in which reduction occurs; more positive than the other half-cell. reduction is a chemical process in which electrons are added to an atom or an ion; it always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent.