What is it called when a scientist explore around the world around them

Ricardo notices that when he plays soccer in the rain, his ball does not seem to go as far after a kick. what is the best scientific question that ricardo could ask about this observation? is soccer better played in the rain or sun? how does rain affect the distance a soccer ball can travel? how does rain affect the speed of a soccer ball? is soccer affected by the rain?

When a plant is genetically identical to its parent plant what is this called

Mattias scheiden and theodor schwann studied plant and aniaml cells under a microscope.together these men concluded that plants and aniamals are made up of cells, which scientist furthered their study to complete our mordern cell theory