Organic compounds: 1. organic molecules are considered organic because they contain what type of atoms? 2. where is energy stored in a molecular structure? 3. this stored energy in a molecule determines what type of value? 4. what are the 4 organic compounds (macromolecules) that we studied? 5. proteins are made up of what subunits (monomers)? 6. amino acids are found in the body. how do humans get the other 8? 7. proteins have the same caloric value as which other organic macromolecule? 8. carbohydrates are made up of what subunits (monomers)? what is an example? 9. what is the main function of carbohydrates? 10. how are lipids structurally different from carbohydrates? 11. what’s the difference between unsaturated and saturated fat? 12. glycerol and fatty acids make up which macromolecule? 13. when are lipids used as a food/energy source? 14. why do lipids have a greater caloric value than carbohydrates or proteins? 15. list all the functions of proteins in the human body: 16. list the functions of lipids/fats in the human body: chemical reactions: 17. what are reactants in a chemical reaction? what are products? 18. which type of reaction breaks down molecules to release energy? 19. which type of reaction absorbs more energy than it releases in order to build up molecules? 20. what do you call the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction? 21. energy is often given off in the form of what? 22. how can temperature affect a chemical reaction? 23. what’s the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions? enzymes/catalysts: 25. how does a catalyst affect a reaction? how does it work? 26. what are enzymes? 27. enzymes are very specific. how many substrates do they work with? 28. what environmental factors can affect the function of an enzyme? what can happen to the enzyme if you alter the environment? 29. what is happening in the graphs below/ what does each show you? a. b. 30. define each of the following terms and describe how that term applies to living things. activation energy enzymes reactants/substrates products bonds