What are three important types of forces

Crossing over is a method of (blank)?

The table above shows five different types of chromosomal abnormalities that can occur during meiosis. they result in either an individual having too many or too few chromosomes in their genome. what is the most likely cause of these chromosomal abnormalities?

3. in the fruit fly, recessive mutation brown, b, causes brown color of the eye and absence of red pigment. recessive mutation p of another independent gene causes purple color of the eye and absence of brown pigment. the cross of a brown-eyed female and purple-eyed male produced wild type eyes. what will be the colors and their ratio in f2?