Which of the following steps occurs when the varicella-zoster virus initially infects the body? upon initial infection, the viral dna destroys host dna. upon initial infection, the viral dna is replicated. upon initial infection, the host cell is destroyed. upon initial infection, the host cell is not destroyed.

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.