Sort the variables of these three studies based on whether they are independent or dependent variables study 1: the effect of light on flowering patterns of plants study 2: the effect of pencillin on the growth of the e. coli study 3: the effect of progesterone on the ovulation of rats. < >

In any experiment, independent variable refers to the variable that is being changed by the scientist. In other words, it is variable that is being studied in the experiment.

Dependent variable refers to the variable the amount of which is dependent upon the independent variable. In other words, it is being observed in the experiment.

For example, in study 1, the effect of light (intensity or duration of light) is being studied. Thus, it is the independent variable. The flowering patterns of plants are being observed. Thus, if is a dependent variable.

Similarly, in study 2, effect of penicillin (concentration) is independent and growth of E. coli dependent variable.

In study 3, effect of progesterone (concentration) is independent and ovulation is dependent variable.

b. the carbon cycle ensures living things have a source of hydrogen