When plants of a particular species are growing too close to each other, crowding may eventually lead to mortality, known as self-thinning. this type of mortality is density-dependent. oscillating. exponential. density-independent. random?

It should be planted from each other. So that plants can get more water s,sunlight and the needs to grow .

i think a) betsy can donate only blood to mark is correct because, mark and betsy have the same blood type. whereas nobody else has b+ blood so betsy can't donate to them.