Why is there more opportunity for gene regulation in eukaryotic cells than in prokaryotic cells?

This is because eukaryotes have introns in their DNA as compared to prokaryotes. Therefore, after transcription, the pre-messenger-RNA has to undergo a process called splicing to form a mature mRNA that can be translated to a protein. This, therefore, gives the eukaryotes another window in which the regulation of the gene could be applied. Additionally, eukaryotes have a nucleus that separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm.Translation occurs in the cytoplasm while transcription in the nucleus. This separation gives the eukaryote the spacetime to regulate genes.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products