Formal balance is a. the linear symmetry of an images, so that two halves are mirror images of each other. b. the aesthetics and stability of an object or structure. c. the arrangement of the elements so that no one part overpowers or seems heavier. d. the pleasing composition of parts or objects.

To create an illustration of perspective, this artist did all of the following except 1) show clear orthogonal lines 2) have an implied vanishing point 3) distort proportion to keep the background and foreground the same size 4) include value changes between the foreground and background i was thinking maybe 1