Describe the similarities and differences between baroque art and realism.

Despite their occur in different times - Baroque is from the 16th and 17th centuries, and the Realism is from the 19th century - these two art styles keep similarities such as the strong way how the artist portrays and organize the scene, the absence of a conceptual style - both were extremely based on the painter reality and we don't see an idealized portray of life. On the other hand, while Baroque was concerned to interpret and portray religious themes trough a strong mood, Realism wanted to show the secular world and its social problems.

Explanation:

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

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