While standing at the bus stop gordon notices two children sitting near each other in school uniforms. as the bus approaches, gordon politely hints to the children that the bus stopping at the nearest school is arriving. gordon is surprised and puzzled when only one child gets up and readies to board the bus. which of the following can explain gordon’s surprise, according to gestalt psychology?

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !