A)At S, income is lower than the equilibrium level and savings are lower than investments B) at s, target inflation rate is so high
C) at s ,target inflation rate is so low
D) At S, income is lower than the equilibrium level and investments are lower than savings
E) at S, interest rate is lower than the one compatible with the target level of inflation

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.