Respond to parts 1 and 2 below. 1. Explain the two primary ways to solve problems: algorithms and heuristics.
2. Describe how people can make errors in thinking by describing the following concepts: confirmation bias, mental set, intuition, availability heuristic, representative heuristic, overconfidence, belief perseverance, and framing.

EDG2020

Explanation:

1. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. Making it the best way to solve a simple problem. a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action. This allows someone to save time on a problem and make quick work of timed tests and quizzes.

2 There is a couple ways errors can occur. First, is availability heuristic, this is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic. This can lead to that person immediate thought being wrong and throwing of their thinking. That could leadf to overconfidence in that immediate answer as well because you want to "trust your insticnts" but it might not always be right. Confirmation bias can also throw off thinking because it has the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. If someone's belief isn't the right answer then they will be wrong. This kind of goes hand in hand with mental set which is a tendency to only see solutions that have worked in the past. If you have a bias for what has worked in the pass that is both confirmation and mental set. Mental set can lead to many errors because if guessing all C in the past got you a 100% its not gunna work the next time. Belief perserverance also works with metal set. If something worked in the past but someone told you that its not gunna work and showed you but you still go with what worked in the past. This also works with always guessing C because if someone told you the answers before the test they will still guess all C. Another way an error can occur is representative heuristic. This leads to a persons thinking to confuse two events to be similar when they actually aren't. This can throw off thinking by leading someone down the wrong path leading to a totally wrong answer. framing can also cause error. say that an ice cream contain 20% fat and the other option contain 80% less fat. Someone is more likely to pick the one with 80% less fat because it has more of a positive connotation. Even though they are the same a person wants to pick something with less risk. This could cause errors in thinking because the positive option may not always be the correct option.

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