Charles McGrath, an editor of the New York Times Book Review, wrote in a 2004 essay "Not Funnies," that comic books are "what novels used to be an- accessible, vernacular form with mass appeal." He says that if the "highbrows" are right, they are a "form perfectly suited to our dumbed-down culture and collective attention deficit." How might Scott McCloud respond to McGrath and the "highbrows"? How does McCloud address the gap between high and low culture?

1. a

2. a

3. c

4. d

6. b

there are all your answers!

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the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.

its c because i have that test too