From a sociological perspective, sex refers to biological characteristics while gender refers to answers: 1 inherent sexual characteristics. 2 natural social roles associated with biological sex. 3 socialized sex roles based on gender stereotyping. 4 all of the above.

3. is the answer

2 doesnt make sense as social roles are a human construct, not natural meaning 4 doesnt make sense either, and 1 has to do with a biological approach

correct answer for apex users would be /opportunities for growth/

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.